Pono ka nui o nā buffers i ke kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe o lalo o nā biopharmaceuticals. ʻO ka pololei a me ka reproducibility o nā buffers he hopena nui i ke kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe protein. Hiki i ka dilution online a me ka ʻōnaehana dosing online ke hoʻohui i nā ʻano mea pale hoʻokahi. Hoʻohui ʻia ka waiʻona makuahine a me ka diluent ma ka pūnaewele no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena.