Pono ka nui o nā buffers i ke kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe o lalo o nā biopharmaceuticals.ʻO ka pololei a me ka reproducibility o nā buffers he hopena nui i ke kaʻina hoʻomaʻemaʻe protein.Hiki i ka dilution online a me ka ʻōnaehana dosing online ke hoʻohui i nā ʻano mea pale hoʻokahi.Hoʻohui ʻia ka waiʻona makuahine a me ka diluent ma ka pūnaewele no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka hopena.